Figures supplied by the Security Officers’ Board, March 1999.

Security Focus, 15(4), April 1997, pp. 10 -11.

For example, the Pinkerton Agency in the US, established in the 19th century, and now estimated to be worth more than US $600 million.

C Tucker, Private cops are there when you need them, Policy Review, Summer 1995, p. 2.

C Guocheu, The security industry in China is striding forward, Nzsia News, December 1996, p. 1.

R  James, The dissolving boundaries between private and public police, unpublished paper, Institute of Criminology, University of Cape Town, p. 8.

M Shaw, Partners in crime? Crime, political transition and changing forms of social control, Centre for Policy Studies, Johannesburg, p. 74.

C Shearing & P Stenning, Private security: Implications for social control, Social Problems, 30(5), 1983, p. 501.

Ibid, p. 502.

Senior Superintendent Wieser, Interview, South African Police Service, Pretoria, November 1996.

Shaw, op. cit., p. 75.

T Morgan & M Shanahan, Public law enforcement/private security: A new partnership?, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, January 1990, p. 19.

Shaw, op. cit., p. 80.

Ibid.

Ibid., p. 75.

Sunday Star, 29 September 1991; Business Day, 3 February 1992.

D Masterson, M Bartman & P J Visser, Interviews, (past officials of the Security Officers’ Board), Pretoria, November 1996.

Shaw, op. cit., p. 80.

I Puller, Interview, manager of Goldfield Security, Johannesburg, June 1997.

In June 1998, SABSEA merged with the Security Association of South Africa (SASA).

This figure refers to companies registered with the Security Officers’ Board only. The actual number of operating companies is likely to be higher.

Figures supplied by the Security Officers’ Board, August 1997.

H Friedman, The prying game, Big Blue Magazine, n.d., p. 20.

Sunday Times, 24 August 1997.

Ibid.

Shaw, op. cit., p. 81.

Security Focus, 17(2), February 1999, p. 10.

Sunday Tribune, 21 June 1991.

Natal Mercury, 28 May 1996.

Wieser, op. cit.

Daily News, 7 July 1997.

Joint Commission of Inquiry into the background, circumstances and action resulting in death and injury of rail commuters at Tembisa Station on 31 July 1996, p. 37.

The Star, 21 June 1997.

Doug Nielson has since resigned from his position at the Security Officers’ Board.

Sunday Tribune, 21 July 1996.

Natal Mercury, 15 July 1997.

P Ronan, P J Visser, M Bartman & D Masterson, Interviews, Pretoria, November 1996.

S Bletcher, Safety and security, The Network of Independent Monitors, March 1996, p. 41.

Sunday Tribune, 30 March 1997.

Puller, op. cit.

P J Visser & P Ronan, Interviews, Security Officers’ Board, Pretoria, November 1996.

Shaw, op. cit., p. 76.

Independent on Saturday, 27 March 1999.

Zululand Observer, 29(36), 5 September 1997.

A Minnaar, Partnership policing between the South African Police Service and the South African private security industry, Research Centre, National Police Management Services, June 1997, p. 2.

P Kruger, Interview, Senior Superintendent, SAPS legal services, Pretoria, October 1997.

H York, Interview, Sentry Security, Johannesburg, January 1997.

A A C Bartman, Armoured vehicles in the private security industry, unpublished paper presented to the Ministry for Safety and Security, Pretoria, October 1997, p. 2.

C Zuma, Interview, Kusa Security, Durban, January 1998.

Sowetan, 30 March 1999.

M Button, Is regulation on the horizon?, Security Gazette, May 1997, p. 3.

Ibid., p. 6.

Ibid.

lbid., p. 5.

P Kruger, Senior Superintendent, SAPS legal services, submission to the Portfolio Committee for Safety and Security, May 1997.

Security Officers Amendment Act No 104 of 1997.

M Malan, Regulation or castration? The future of private security in our hands, Security Today, August 1997.