1996 Census projections, Statistics SA, Pretoria.

Ibid.

Interview with Adam Goldsmith, Johannesburg Development Agency, 4 July 2002.

M Sviridoff, S Sadd, R Curtis, R Grinc, and M Smith, The Neighborhood Effects of Street-Level Drug Enforcement: Tactical Narcotics Teams in New York, Vera Institute of Justice, New York, 1992.

For example, M Sinclair, Solidarity and survival: Migrant communities in South Africa, Indicator South Africa 15 (1), 1998.

T Leggett, Rainbow Vice: The drugs and sex industries in the new South Africa, Zed Books, London and David Phillip Publishers, Cape Town, 2001(a).

For Africa, Latin America, and countries in transition, see A Alvazzi del Frate, Victims of crime in the developing world, UNCRI publication number 57, 1998. For Cato Manor and Cato Crest, see T Leggett, Safe shack living: Criminal vulnerability in shacks and government housing, Nedbank/ISS Crime Index 5(5), Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2001(b).

For example, a victim survey in Durban found that 58% of black respondents thought job creation was the best non-police solution to making things safer, while less than 35% of other race groups agreed. See R Robertshaw, A Louw, M Shaw, M Mashiyane, and S Brettell, Reducing crime in Durban: A victim survey and safer city strategy, ISS Monograph 58, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2001.

For national figures, see Stats SA, Victims of crime survey, Government Printers, Pretoria, 1998. For Johannesburg 1999 figures, see UNICRI, Johannesburg crime victims survey, unpublished paper, 1999.

T Leggett (ed), A Nation of Nomads: Migration and Crime in South Africa, forthcoming ISS monograph, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria.

For example, the various theorists of the Chicago School, or those who follow Merton’s ‘anomie’ line of reasoning.

Sinclair, op cit.

For example, see D McDonald, L Mashike and C Golden, The lives and times of African migrants and immigrants in post-apartheid South Africa, IDASA , Cape Town, 1999.

D McDonald, J Gay, L Zinyama, R Mattes and F de Vletter, Challenging xenophobia: Myths and realities, Southern African Migration Project, Cape Town, 1998.

Leggett, 2001(a) op cit.

Ibid.

Ibid, chapter 4.

Ibid, chapter 7.

T Leggett (ed), Drugs and crime: A study in three cities, ISS Monograph Series No 69, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2002.

Cover page of the Saturday Star, Saturday 27 March 1999, quoting Commander of the Brixton Murder and Robbery Squad Senior Superintendent Johan Steyn.

Leggett, 2001(a), op cit.

South African Police Service, Annual Report of the National Commissioner of the South African Police Service 2001–2002, Government Printer, Pretoria, 2002, p 54.

M Schonteich, Survey of public and client perceptions of the National Prosecuting Authority, forthcoming ISS Monograph, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2002.

Leggett, 2001(b), op cit.

Schonteich, op cit.

M Schonteich, Shockingly ignorant? Public Attitudes towards Imprisonment, Crime and Conflict No 20, University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

For a discussion of the application of this idea to Hillbrow, see A Lungu, Tale of two buildings: Social housing and crime reduction in Hillbrow, Crime and Conflict No 16, University of Natal, Durban, 1999, pp 22–25.

J Wilson and G Kelling, Broken windows: The police and neighbourhood safety, Atlantic Monthly 249 (3), 1982, pp 29–38.

P Thulare, Welcome to Hellbrow: Talking to Johannesburg’s drug syndicates, Crime and Conflict No 16, University of Natal, Durban, 1999, pp 17–21.

Leggett, 2001(a), op cit.

Ibid, chapter 7.

Leggett, 2002, op cit.

Ibid.

T Miethe and R McCorkle, Crime profiles: The anatomy of dangerous persons, places, and situations, Roxbury, Los Angeles, 1998.