Trends and Markers

Recent data, statistics and indicators

Chandré Gould

Published in African Security Review Vol 14 No 1, 2005

African signatories to the biological and toxins weapons convention and chemicaL weapons convention

Country	BTWC Status	CWC Status
Algeria	Acceded 22 July 2001	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 14 August 1995 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Angola	Non-signatory	Non-signatory
Benin	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 25 April 1975	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 14 May 1998 Entry into force 13 June 1998
Botswana	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 5 February 1992	Deposited instrument of accession 31 August 1998 Entry into force 30 September 1998
Burkina Faso	Acceded 17 March 1991	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 8 July 1997 Entry into force 7 August 1997
Burundi	Signed 10 April 1972	Signed 15 January 1993 Ratified 4 September 1998 Entry into force 4 October 1999
Cameroon	Non-signatory	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 16 September 1996 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Cape Verde	Acceded 20 October 1997	Signed 15 January 1993 Ratified 10 October 2003 Entry into force 9 November 1993
Central African Republic	Signed 10 March 1972	Signed 14 January 1993
Chad	Non-signatory	Signed 11 October 1994 Ratified 13 February 2004 Entry into force 14 March 2004
Comoros	Non-signatory	Signed 13 January 1993
Congo (Brazzaville)	Non-signatory	Signed 14 January 1993
C ô te d’Ivoire	Signed 23 May 1972	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 18 December 1995 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Democratic Republic of Congo	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 16 September 1975	Signed 14 January 1993
Djibouti	Non-Signatory	Signed 28 September 1993
Equatorial Guinea	Acceded on 16 January 1989	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 25 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Eritrea	Non-signatory	Acceded on 14 February 2000 Entry into force 15 March 2000
Ethiopia	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 26 May 1975	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 13 May 1996 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Gabon	Signed 10 April 1972	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 8 September 2000 Entry into force 8 October 2000
Gambia	Signed 2 June 1972 Ratified 21 November 1991	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 19 May 1998 Entry into Force 16 June 1998
Ghana	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 6 June 1975	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 9 July 1997 Entry into force 8 August 1997
Guinea	Acceded 27 October 1993	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 9 June 1997 Entry into force 9 July 1997
Guinea-Bissau	Acceded 20 August 1976	Signed 14 January 1993
Kenya	Acceded 7 January 1976	Signed 15 January 1993 Ratified 25 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Lesotho	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 6 September 1977	Signed 7 December 1994 Ratified 7 December 1994 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Liberia	Signed 10 April 1972	Signed 15 January 1993
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	Acceded 19 January 1982	Deposit of instrument of accession 6 January 2004. Entry into force 5 February 2004
Madagascar	Signed 13 October 1972	Signed 15 January 1993Ratified 20 October 2004Entry into force 19 November 2004
Malawi	Signed 10 April 1972	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 11 June 1998 Entry into force 11 July 1998
Mali	Signed 10 April 1972	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 28 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Mauritania	Non-signatory	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 9 February 1998 Entry into force 11 March 1998
Mauritius	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 7 August 1972	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 9 February 1993 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Morocco	Signed 2 May 1972 Ratified 21 March 2002	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 28 December 1995 Entry into Force 29 April 1997
Mozambique	Non-signatory	Acceded 15 August 2000 Entry into force 14 September 2000
Namibia	Non-signatory	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 27 November 1995 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Niger	Signed 3 July 1972 Ratified 3 July 1973	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 9 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Nigeria	Signed 3 July 1972 Ratified 3 July 1973	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 20 May 1999 Entry into force 19 June 1999
Rwanda	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 20 May 1975	Signed 17 May 2003 Ratified 31 March 2004 Entry into force 30 April 2004
Sao Tome and Principe	Acceded 11 October 1979	Acceded 9 September 2003 Entry into force 9 October 2003
Senegal	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 26 March 1975	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 20 July 1998 Entry into force 19 August 1998
Seychelles	Acceded 11 October 1979	Signed 15 January 1993 Ratified 7 April 1993 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Sierra Leone	Signed 7 November 1972 Ratified 29 June 1976	Signed 15 January 1993 Ratified 30 September 2004 Entry into force 30 October 2004
Somalia	Signed 3 July 1972	Non-signatory
South Africa	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 3 November 1975	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 13 September 1995 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Sudan	Non-signatory	Acceded 24 May 1999 Entry into force 23 June 1999
Swaziland	Acceded 18 June 1991	Signed 23 September 1993 Ratified 20 November 1996 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Tanzania	Signed 16 August 1972	Signed 25 February 1994 Ratified 25 June 1998 Entry into force 25 July 1998
Togo	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 10 November 1976	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 23 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Tunisia	Signed 10 April 1972 Ratified 18 May 1973	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 15 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
Uganda	Acceded 12 May 1992	Signed 14 January 1993 Ratified 30 November 2001 Entry into force 30 December 2001
Zambia	Non-signatory	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 9 February 2001 Entry into force 11 March 2001
Zimbabwe	Acceded 5 November 1990	Signed 13 January 1993 Ratified 25 April 1997 Entry into force 29 April 1997
The information contained in this list has been obtained from the website of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, <http://www.opcw.org/html/db/members_ratifyer.html>, from the database of the Stockholm Peace Research Institute, <http://first.sipri.org> and from the United Nations Department of Disarmament website, <http://disarmament2.un.org/TreatyStatu.nsf>.