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A TORTUOUS ROAD TO PEACE

The Dynamics of Regional, UN and International
Humanitarian Interventions in Liberia

Edited by

Festus Aboagye and Alhaji M S Bah

May 2005

A project of the Peace Missions Programme at the Institute for Security Studies, funded by the Embassy of Finland in Pretoria, South Africa.

 


About the Editors
PDF - 45kb


About the Contributors
PDF - 53kb


Preface
PDF - 46kb


Foreword I
PDF - 53kb


Foreword II
PDF - 53kb


Glossary of Abbreviations
PDF - 44kb


List of Figures and Tables
PDF - 25kb

 

Chapter One
Introduction
Festus B Aboagye and Alhaji M S Bah
PDF - 128kb

Introduction
Background to the project
Regional and international interventions in Liberia: 1990-2004
ECOWAS intervenes – a case of humanitarian intervention?

Chapter Two
The Intervention Dilemma: The Dynamics of Civilian
Protection in the post-Cold War Era
Alhaji M S Bah
PDF - 161kb

Introduction
The evolution of the principles of civilian protection
The AU, ECOWAS and the protection challenge
Enter human security
Sovereignty or survival
The intervention dilemma: Regional and international responses
Conclusion

Chapter Three
Liberia’s War and Peace Process: A Historical Overview
Lansana Gberie
PDF - 130kb

Introduction
Humanitarian disaster and ECOMOG intervention
Failed peace agreements and Taylor’s presidency
Second phase of war: A continuing quest for peace
The national transitional government of Liberia

Another chequered disarmament process?
Conclusion
Some lessons learned

Chapter Four
Synergies of Regional and UN Interventions: The ECOWAS
Mission in Liberia and the Protection of Civilians
Colonel Theophilus Tawiah and Festus B Aboagye
PDF - 168kb

Introduction
Just cause or military adventurism?
A synopsis of statutory and non-statutory forces in Liberia
Verifying the ceasefire: The ECOWAS Joint Verification Team
The ECOWAS Mission in Liberia
Transition to United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
Conclusion

Chapter Five
Synergies of Regional and UN Interventions: The Contribution of the UN Mission in Liberia to Civilian Protection
Festus B Aboagye and Alhaji M S Bah, PhD
PDF - 516kb

Introduction
Transition to the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
The UNMIL mandate
A head-start establishment and deployment
Framework operations: DDRR and reform of the LNP and AFL
Reforming the law enforcement sector
Reforming the AFL
Conclusion

Chapter Six
The Mechanics of Rebuilding a Failed State: The Governance Challenge in Liberia
Abiodun Bashua
PDF - 121kb

Introduction
Overview of the rule of law
Overview of governance
Transition challenges
The role of civil society
The role of the international community
Policy recommendations

Chapter Seven
Mainstreaming Gender in Peace Support Operations: The United Nations Mission in Liberia
Fatoumata Aisha
PDF - 121kb

Introduction
Framing the generic issues of gender
Instructive experiences of violence against women and girls in the Liberian conflict
A legal framework for the protection of and respect for the human rights of women and girls
An operational framework
Conclusion

Chapter Eight
An Integrated Approach to Peace Support Operations: Overview of UN and International Humanitarian Agencies in Liberia
Albert Fiawosime
PDF - 167kb

Introduction
Mandates, roles and activities of key UN agencies
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
Civil-military coordination in the mission
Coexistence
The integrated mission concept
Conclusion
Policy recommendations

Chapter Nine
Ending Impunity: The Case for War Crimes Trials in Liberia
Chernor Jalloh and Alhagi Marong, LLD
PDF - 185kb

Introduction
An overview of serious human rights violations committed in the Liberian conflict
Law applicable to the Liberian conflict
International humanitarian law
International human rights law
Potential mechanisms for accountability in Liberia
International Criminal Court
International or hybrid court for Liberia?
Possibility of trials at the Special Court for Sierra Leone
Conclusion

Chapter Ten
Truth, Justice and Reconciliation: Analysis of the Prospects and Challenges of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Liberia
Dr Abdul Rahman Lamin
PDF - 114kb

Introduction
Liberia’s troubled past with the rule of law
National impunity: A paradigm rooted in the past
Restoring the rule of law and protecting civilians: Is the TRC an answer?

Liberia’s proposed TRC: A copy-cat of post-conflict peace-building experiments in West Africa?
International efforts to promote the rule of law in Liberia
Reflections and some thoughts on the way forward

Chapter Eleven
Enhancing post-Conflict Democratic Governance through effective Security Sector Reform in Liberia
Festus B Aboagye and Martin R Rupiya, PhD
PDF - 163kb

Introduction
The concept of security sector reform
Background to security sector reform assisted by UNMIL in Liberia
The case for human rights, rule of law and transitional justice reforms in Liberia
The case for security sector reform in Liberia
An overview of UNMIL’s reform efforts
A task that needs to be ‘done well’: Reforming Liberia’s armed forces
Liberia’s security complex and concerns: the way forward for security sector reform
Conclusion

Chapter Twelve
Liberia’s Road to Recovery: Trends, Prospects and Challenges
Festus B Aboagye and Alhaji M S Bah, PhD
PDF - 120kb

Political will and consensus
Gaining and sustaining early entry points
Mandates and rules of engagement
Imposition and enforcement of sanctions
Mission readiness and regional capacities
Mission readiness
External initiatives for the enhancement of generic capacities
Command, control, communications and information systems (C3IS)
Logistical capacity and support
Restoration of civil authority
Security sector reform
Disarmament, demobilisation, rehabilitation and reintegration
Transitional justice
Flexibility in the application of the integrated mission concept

Bibliography
PDF - 83kb

 

Index
PDF - 120kb