ISS Home Page Search the site

NOTES

Published in Monograph No 116, June 2005

Perpetrating Power
Small Arms in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia

Taya Weiss

 

  1. R Rotberg, ed., State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Cambridge, MA: World Peace Foundation, 2003, p 1.

  2. PD Little, Somalia: Economy without State. Oxford: James Currey, 2003, p14.

  3. C Nordstrom, Shadows of War: Violence, power, and international profiteering in the twenty-first century. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004, p 178.

  4. Ibid. p 179.

  5. ECOWAS Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and Assistance for Security and Development (PCASED), March 1999.

  6. Bamako Declaration on an African Common Position on the Illicit Proliferation, Circulation, and Trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons, 1 December 2000.

  7. Ibid, Paragraph 2

  8. Lisa Misol, public testimony to US Congressional Human Rights Caucus, May 2004. http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/05/20/africa8680.htm

  9. This term is defined clearly in R Rotberg ed, State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Cambridge, MA: World Peace Foundation, 2003, p 1.

  10. CIA Factbook, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook ( 28 March 2003 ).

  11. Conference report: Shrinking small arms: A seminar on lessening the demand for weapons. Sponsored by the Quaker United Nations Office. Durban, South Africa, November 19-24, 1999, p 8.

  12. Based partly on the BBC Liberia Timeline, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043567.stm.

  13. IRIN News, 29 October 2004, http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=43935&SelectRegion=West_Africa&SelectCountry=LIBERIA

  14. Interview with Maxim Kumeh, WANEP Liberia, Monrovia, 11 November 2004.

  15. Based partly on the BBC Sierra Leone Timeline, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1065898.stm.

  16. P Coker, “Mopping up weapons in local communities,” UNAMSIL Review, UN: April 2002, p 9.

  17. UNDP Arms for Development second quarter report, 2004.

  18. Ibid.

  19. Interview with UNDP official, Monrovia, 13 November 2004.

  20. Interview with Josephine Hutton and Aine Bhreathnach, Oxfam, Monrovia, 15 November 2004.

  21. Ibid.

  22. The Special Court for Sierra Leone Case No. SCSL -03-14-I. Available online: http://www.sc-sl.org/indictment-CDF.html.

  23. Interview, Freetown, 8 November 2004.

  24. Interview with human rights worker, Bo, 5 November 2004.

  25. Interview with radio broadcaster in Bo, 5 November 2004.

  26. RADA-SL draft report, “Survey on the Reduction of Child Labour Through Education in Kemokai Section in Sorgobema Chiefdon, Pujehun District,” September 2004 and interview with Ann Kargbo, Programme Manager RADA-SL, 5 November 2004.

  27. Sierra Leone District Recovery Committee June 2003 Report. Data Pack for Pujehun District.

  28. RADA-SL report and interview with Ann Kargbo, Programme Manager, 5 November 2004.

  29. Ibid.

  30. Interview with Local Unit Commander in Freetown, 9 November 2004.

  31. Interview with Chief Administrator Mrs. Alice Torto, 28 October 2004.

  32. Source: CIA World Factbook: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/li.html

  33. Source: CIA World Factbook: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/sl.html

  34. UNAIDS 2000, CIA World Factbook: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/

  35. A de Waal and N Argenti, Young Africa, Trenton: 2002, p 125.

  36. A McIntyre, “Children as conflict stakeholders: Towards a new discourse on young combatants.” Unpublished paper, 2000.

  37. Interview with Dennis Bright in Freetown, 15 October 2004.

  38. Report of Governmental Experts on Small Arms A/52/298, United Nations, August 1997.

  39. IRIN News, July 28, 2004. On the web at http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=42416&SelectRegion=West_Africa&SelectCountry=LIBERIA

  40. A de Waal and N Argenti, p 151.

  41. Ibid.

  42. T Weiss, Guns in the Borderlands: Reducing the demand for small arms. ISS Monograph No 95, January 2004.

  43. Interview with WANEP, Monrovia, 16 November 2004.

  44. Partnership Africa Canada, The Heart of the Matter, Ottawa: 2000, p 1.

  45. Interview with two KHL representatives in Koidu, 30 October 2004.

  46. Ibid.

  47. Diamond Industry Annual Review 2005, published by Partnership Africa Canada and NMJD.

  48. Interviews with community workers and police, Koidu, 29 October 2004.

  49. US State Department Report on Sierra Leone, 2003.

  50. This and all following reference The Sierra Rutile Agreement Act 2002, Supplement to the Siera Leone Gazette Vol. CXXXIII No. 5 dated 31 January, 2002. Official copy obtained from Government Bookshop in Freetown.

  51. Interview with JMAC officer, 15 November 2004.

  52. Interview with Charles Achodo, Monrovia, 12 November 2004.

  53. Source: NCDDRR Consolidated Report, 24 November, Liberia (www.ddrrliberia.org).

  54. Photograph taken by the author in Monrovia. Samples of each type of weapon collected were saved during the DDR process.

  55. UNDP press release, 12 April 2005.

  56. Interview with FIND trainers, Monrovia, 16 November 2004.

  57. Source: Training Modules on Pre-Discharge Orientation Activities for Ex-combatants in the DDRR Programme. Developed by The Foundation for International Dignity, April 2004, Monrovia.

  58. Interview at FIND, Monrovia, 16 November 2004.

  59. Interview at CEDE, 12 November 2004.

  60. Interview at WANEP, Monrovia, 11 November 2004.

  61. Interview with Edward Mulbah, Monrovia, 12 November 2004.

  62. S Meek and M Malan, Identifying Lessons from DDR Experiences in Africa. Institute for Security Studies Monograph 106, October 2004, p 8.

  63. NCP-SL Annual General Meeting, 23 October 2004, Freetown.

  64. Ibid. p 179.