See, for example: A Crawford, Crime prevention and community safety: Politics, policies and practices, Longman, London, 1999; W Lyons, The politics of community policing, University of Michigan, Anne Arbor, 1999.

W Lyons, op cit, p 40.

E Van der Spuy, The Secret to Successful Policing? Crime and Conflict, No 3, Spring 1995, Indicator South Africa.

C Shearing, Participatory policing: modalities for lay participation, Imbizo, Research in Progress Series, No 2, December 1998, Community Peace Foundation, p 8.

National level police managers and CPF practitioners were, by mutual agreement, excluded from the research. This was motivated by the participation of these stakeholders at all stages of the research design and, secondly, by the implementation function of the provincial command structures of the police. Formal responsibility for the implementation of community policing is delegated, through Section 19(1) of the South African Police Service Act (Act 68 of 1995), to the provincial command structures of the South African Police Service.

For a more detailed discussion of the assumptions informing the development of this policy, see E Pelser, The Challenges of Community Policing in South Africa, ISS Occasional Paper No 40, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 1999.

Minister of Safety and Security, F S Mufamadi, media statement, Cape Town, 25 May 1994.

A Altbeker & J Rauch, Community Participation Workshop, Report for Business Against Crime (Gauteng), May 1998, p 2.

Ibid, p 2.

Department of Safety and Security, Community Policing Policy Framework and Guidelines, 1997, pp 2-3.

Department of Safety and Security, White Paper on Safety and Security: In Service of Safety, 1998.

Department of Safety and Security, South African Police Service Interim Regulations for Community Police Forums and Boards, No R384, 11 May 2001. Published in Government Gazette No. 22273.

Minister of Safety and Security, S Tshwete, media statement: Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster, 12 February 2001.

Opinions of Professor Christo Botha, Associate Professor in Constitutional and Public International Law, University of South Africa; and Azhar Cachalia, Partner of Cheadle, Thompson & Haysom Inc. Attorneys. Both opinions motivate this position on the grounds that the state has an obligation in law to establish these structures to perform a public function for the state. More importantly, the state 'controls' these structures in that it has the right to prescribe what the functions of the CPFs are and how these are to be performed (see Esack and Another v the Commission on Gender Equality 2000 (7) BCLR 737 (W) p 744).

The questionnaires administered to provincial, area and station role-players were designed to allow respondents to answer questions in their own words. At the completion of the interviews the information provided by the respondents was used to develop categories for coding and analysing the responses. The tables or other graphics used in this report were generated using the responses provided.

Community Policing Policy Framework and Guidelines, op cit, p 1.

Ibid, p 2.

White Paper on Safety and Security: In Service of Safety, op cit, p 34.

Community Policing Policy Framework and Guidelines, op cit, p 2.

The New Oxford Dictionary of English, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998