S McKay and D Mazurana, Girls in Militaries, Paramilitaries and Armed Opposition Groups, Cited in L Alfredson, Sexual Exploitation of Child Soldiers: an exploration and analysis of global dimensions and trends, Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global Report, 2001, p 2.

United Nations Commission on Human Rights; Fifty-eighth session, Item 13 of the provisional agenda, E/CN.4/2002/86, 9 November 2001, p 9.

Report of the Secretary General on the Abducted Children of Northern Uganda, E/CN.4/1999/66. para. 23.

Interview with former LRA child combatant, Gulu, 2002.

S McKay and D Mazurana, op cit, p 2

D Mazurana, S McKay, K Carlson, & J Kasper, Girls in fighting forces and groups: Their recruitment, participation, demobilisation, and reintegration. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 8, (2), 2002, p 103.

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global Report, London, CSC, 2001 and ECPAT International, 1999.

S E Stavrou, R Steward, and A J Stavrou, The Reintegration of Child Soldiers and Abducted Children, in Act against child soldiers in Africa, Institue for Security Studies, Pretoria, p 36, 2000.

Report of the Secretary General on the abducted children of Northern Uganda, op cit, p 69.

D Pain, The bending of spears: Producing consensus for peace and development in northern Uganda, Report commissioned by International Alert and Kacoke Madit. Kacoke Madit, London, 1997.

H Behrend, Alice Lakwena & the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–1997. Ohio University Press, Ohio, 1999, p 43.

H Behrend, ibid.

R Muhumuza, The gun children of Gulu: The reluctant child soldiers in Joseph Kony’s Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in Northern Uganda, World Vision Uganda, 1995, p11.

United Nations Commission on Human Rights; Fifty-eighth session, Item 13 of the provisional agenda, E/CN.4/2002/86 9 November 2001, p 9.

Report of the Secretary General on the abducted children of Northern Uganda, op cit, p 69.

Declaration of the International Conference on War Effected Children, held in Winnipeg, Canada, October 2000.

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, <http://www.releifweb.int> , June 13, 2002

IRIN news org., UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, <http://www.irinnews.org/>, report, June 26, 2002.

Human Rights Watch, Uganda, Army and Rebels Step Up Attacks on Civilians, <www.hrw-news-africa@topica.email-publisher.com>, New York, October 2002.

UNICEF, Abductions in Northern and Southwestern Uganda, 1986-2001, Special Report. September, 2001.

European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation, Uganda country report, December, 2000.

Child Soldiers: Country Briefs Submission To 1379 Report, <http://www.child-soldiers.org>

Women’s Commission for refugee Women and Children, op cit.

C Dolan, Which children count? The politics of children’s rights in northern Uganda, In ACORD, 2002.

New Vision, Kony escapes by a whisker, October 23, 2002.

D Pain, op cit.

J Mackinlay, Globalisation and Insurgency, International Institute for Strategic Studies Adelphi Paper, London, Forthcoming, 2002.

G Machel, (2001). The Impact of War on Children: A Review of Progress since the 1996 United Nations’ Report on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children. David Phillips, Cape Town 2002, p 14.

G Machel, ibid.

H Behrend, op cit.

S Ellis, The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia & the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War, NY: New York University Press, 1997.

K Peters and P Richards, Fighting with open eyes: Youth Combatants talking about war in Sierra Leone in C. Petty & P Bracken, Rethinking the trauma of war, Radda Barnen, Sweden, 1999.

A Stavrou et al., 2000, op cit.

H Behrend, op cit.

H Behrend op cit; Stavrou et al. 2000, op cit.

H Behrend, op cit, p 44.

Ibid.

Ibid, p 185

H Behrend, op cit, pp 185-186

RL Punamaeki, Can ideological commitment protect children’s psychosocial well-being in situations of political violence? Child Development, 67(1) 1996, pp. 55–69.

A Stavrou et al., 2000, op cit.

C Nordstrom, A different kind of war story, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1997, p 50.

A Stavrou et al. op cit, p 45

C Rodriguez, K Smith-Derksen & S J Akera, Seventy Times Seven: The impact of the Amnesty Law in Acholi, The Acholi Religious Leaders’ Peace Initiative, the Women’s Desk of Cartas Gulu, Justice and Peace Commission of Gulu Archdiocese, Gulu, 2002.

Ibid, p 7.

Ibid, p 10.

P Bracken & C Petty, 1999 Rethinking the trauma of war, Radda Barnen, Sweden, 1999.

C MacMullin & M Loughry, An investigation into the psychosocial adjustment of formerly abducted soldiers in Northern Uganda. Field Report (Enhanced) for International Rescue Committee. March 2002.

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Against all odds: Surviving the War on Adolescents-Participatory research study with adolescents in Northern Uganda. NY: Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York, 2001, p 8.

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Op cit, p 3.

C Nordstrom op cit, p 123.

D Pain, op cit, p 19, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Op cit, p 78, Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative: Report on the reintegration of LRA combatants at Pajule Catholic Mission, 2001.

R Oywa, Women’s contribution to peace building in Northern Uganda in Protracted conflict, elusive peace, Initiatives to end violence in Northern Uganda, Accord Report.

D Pain, op cit, p 75.

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, op cit, p 44.

D Pain, op cit, p 59.

Ibid, p 80

H Behrend, op cit, p 19.

D Pain, op cit, p 81.

Ibid, pp 74–86.

Ibid, p 3.

C Rodriguez et al., op cit, p 5

Ibid.

C Rodriguez et al., op cit, p 17.

D Pain, op cit, p 98

Human Rights Watch, LRA conflict in Northern Uganda and Southern Sudan, 2002, <http://www.hrw.org/2002/10/uganda>.

Ibid.

D Pain op cit, p 16.

D Pain, op cit, p 22; C Rodriguez et al, op cit, pp 31–34.